Theme: Peripheral retinal degenerations

Options:
A. Salzman nodular degeneration
B. Pavingstone degeneration
C. Degenerative retinoschisis
D. Microcystoid degeneration
E. Lattice degeneration
F. Reticular degeneration
G. White without pressure
H. White-with-pressure
I. Honeycomb degeneration
J. Oral pigmentary degeneration
K. Snowflake degeneration
L. Pallucid marginal degeneration
M. Colloid bodies
N. Snailtrack degeneration


Lead in statement: The following patients all have retinal degenerations. Please choose the most appropriate diagnosis from the list above.

Stems:

1. A 43-year-old hypermetrope was referred by optician for abnormal superior field defects.

2. A 35-year-old lady presented to eye casualty complaining of sudden onset flashes in her right-eye. Peripheral fundus examination showed multiple circumferentially oriented bands of retinal atrophy. She had retinal detachment repair 2 years ago in her left-eye.

3. A 60-year-old asymptomatic man was seen in the eye clinic. Peripheral fundus examination showed circumferentially oriented bands of whitish frost-like islands. There was no associated retinal break.

4. A 40-year-old myope presents with bilateral presenile cataracts. Fundus examination reveals bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. He has an abnormality on chromosome 2q36.

Theme: Retinal detachment

Options:
A. Wardenburg syndrome
B. Norrie’s disease
C. Raymond syndrome
D. Stickler syndrome
E. ICE syndrome
F. Juvenile best disease
G. Morning Glory syndrome
H. Good syndrome
I. Fabry disease
J. Marfan’s syndrome
K. Rubenstein-Taybi Syndrome
L. Incontinentia pigmenti

Lead in statement: The following patients all presented with retinal detachment. Please choose the most appropriate diagnosis from the list above.

Stems:

1. A 20-year-old man presented to eye casualty concerned about a possible retinal detachment. He gives a family history of retinal detachments. There were multiple, radially oriented, lattice like lesions on both fundi but no retinal detachment.

2. A 25-year-old man with defect on chromosome 15q21. The sclerae are blue and the pupil does not dilate well for peripheral fundus examination.

3. A 27-year-old woman with tractional retinal detachment in the left-eye. Fundoscopy also revealed an enlarged and excavated optic disc. The retinal blood vessels appear to emerge from the periphery of the excavation in a radial pattern. Right fundus was normal.